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35 mm Kodak and Fuji Film |
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Choosing the right film for a situation can open up exciting new photographic
possibilities. The speed of a roll of film is measured according to an
International Standards Organization (ISO) scale, with the most common
varieties being ISO 100, 200, 400 and 800. These numbers are referred to as
the film's "speed" because each level is twice as sensitive to light as the
last and will expose more quickly, allowing a faster shutter speed to be used.
In very high light situations, the lower-speed films will allow you to have a
greater variety of shutter speeds, while for sports or low light situations
faster ones will let you capture the action with a fast shutter speed. ISO 400
is often considered the best all-purpose film. Many digital cameras will
also let you choose a speed, even though no film is used. For example,
the Nikon D1X will let you set the "film speed" between ISO 125 and ISO 800 so
that the camera's sensitivity to light and light meter will behave as if it
were loaded with the selected speed of film.
Besides the differences in speed, normal black and white films can be divided into three classes:
conventional films, tabular or other 'designer grain' films with specially
adapted crystal shapes, and chromogenic.
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For sports photography or other
pictures involving moving subjects - such as informal child portraits - use
a fast film - generally 400ASA for action pictures in artificial light or
poor light without flash, either 'push process' (see box at
bottom of page) a 400ASA film or use an
ultra-speed one - 1600 ASA or faster
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For a gritty, photojournalistic look, use a
conventional 35 mm 400ASA film (Tri-X or HP5 Plus), preferably uprated to increase
the grain;
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For portraiture, where tonality is most important, you
will generally get best results from 100ASA film if using 35mm. For large
format, a fast film may be easier to use. Many photographers prefer to use a
'traditional' emulsion. Chromogenic 400ASA materials are another possibility
- and one I particularly like for medium format.
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For landscape and architectural photography with 35mm
cameras, where detail, fine grain and sharpness are vital, a slow 100ASA
film is generally suitable.
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Some photographers may like to experiment with using
special types such as slow speed copy films to get finest grain.
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Conventional black and white films are easier for home
processing than chromogenic films for beginners in home processing.
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If you intend to scan your negatives to make prints,
only chromogenic films enable you to use the infrared dust removal channel
in good film scanners.
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Conventional 35 mm films and chromogenic films are generally
more forgiving to errors in exposure than tabular grain films.
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For general use modern 35mm 400ASA emulsions - tabular
grain or chromogenic -generally good results under a wide range of
conditions.
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